and Ahmet Cengiz
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, more commonly known as ADHD, has become a significant issue in modern society. What many once believed to be simply a personality issue that challenged daily life is now becoming clearer, through increasing research in the field, as a complex medical condition. While many people use this term to self-diagnose or to describe various symptoms, what is ADHD really, and how does it present in patients?
What is ADHD and who is affected by it?
ADHD is a common neurological disorder that presents with multiple symptoms related to inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. According to a study that examined patients between the years 2000 and 2010, ADHD diagnoses increased by 66%. According to CDC, an estimated 15.5 million Americans were diagnosed with this disorder in 2023.
These numbers have likely increased due to greater awareness of ADHD and may also be higher because of the difficulties associated with diagnosing the condition. While most people are diagnosed during childhood, many adults of different ages and ethnic backgrounds also suffer from this disorder and can improve their daily life activities with proper treatment.
What happens in the brain during ADHD?
It is believed that altered, and most likely increased, connectivity in brain networks, along with an imbalance in dopamine levels, affects attention, motivation, and impulse control in patients. ADHD also affects the development of the prefrontal cortex in younger patients, which is the brain’s executive center responsible for emotions and planning, among other functions. This can cause hyperactivity, attention deficits, poor task completion, restlessness, and difficulties with motivation. In other words, individuals with ADHD experience physical and hormonal differences rather than purely psychological ones.
Is ADHD a genetic disease?
According to the studies, about 74% of ADHD cases can be attributed to genetics. There are also other studies that show an even higher prevalence.
Can you self-diagnose?
Subjective comments play a major role in diagnosing ADHD. While patients can easily identify common ADHD symptoms in themselves, an official diagnosis requires a qualified professional who can use computerized tests and detailed evaluations to diagnose patients.
Is it curable?
While ADHD is not a curable condition, there are treatments that can help significantly in managing it. A professional can help patients learn to control ADHD symptoms and may prescribe FDA-approved stimulant and non-stimulant medications. Common ADHD medications include Adderall, Vyvanse, and Ritalin. Medications are best managed with the help of a professional, often using different combinations of treatments depending on a patient’s medical history and daily activities. It often requires monthly appointments to monitor progress.
While ADHD causes many difficulties in patients’ lives through its symptoms, it is not a hopeless case, and ongoing scientific developments promise better living conditions for patients