Dementia is a general term for a decline in memory, thinking, and reasoning skills that interferes with daily life. The most common cause is Alzheimer’s Disease—a progressive condition that affects millions of older adults, typically over age 65.
What Is Dementia?
Unlike normal aging, dementia involves significant changes in memory, language, judgment, and behavior. Alzheimer’s gradually damages brain cells, leading to increasing challenges with daily tasks and independence.
How Alzheimer’s Affects the Brain
In Alzheimer’s, abnormal protein buildup disrupts brain cell communication and function. Over time, this leads to shrinkage of brain tissue, memory loss, confusion, and behavioral changes.
Common Signs and Stages
Early signs include forgetting recent events, repeating questions, or subtle personality shifts. As the disease progresses, difficulties with managing finances, navigating familiar places, or performing routine tasks become more noticeable. In advanced stages, full-time care is often needed.
Diagnosis and Risk Factors
Doctors use memory tests, brain scans, and lab work to identify dementia. Risk factors include age, family history, cardiovascular conditions, and lifestyle habits. While some risks can’t be changed, others—like staying physically and mentally active—can help reduce the likelihood of developing dementia.
Treatment and Management
Due to recent advances several medications are available that can help manage symptoms or slow progression in some individuals. Non-medication approaches—like regular physical activity, cognitive engagement, and structured routines—also play a key role in care.
Support for Families and Caregivers
Caring for someone with dementia is challenging, but you’re not alone. Many organizations offer support, education, and resources for families and caregivers. Early planning and compassionate care can greatly improve quality of life for everyone involved.